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Anatomy Introduction to anatomy
Introduction to the skeletal system
Introduction to the cardiovascular system
Introduction to the muscular system
Anatomical terminology
Introduction to the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Introduction to the lymphatic system
Introduction to the central and peripheral nervous systems
Thorax Anatomy
Bones and joints of the thoracic wall
Muscles of the thoracic wall
Vessels and nerves of the thoracic wall
Anatomy of the breast
Anatomy of the pleura
Anatomy of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree
Anatomy of the heart
Anatomy of the coronary circulation
Anatomy of the superior mediastinum
Anatomy of the inferior mediastinum
Thorax Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Thoracic wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Breast
Anatomy clinical correlates: Pleura and lungs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Heart
Anatomy clinical correlates: Mediastinum
Abdomen Anatomy
Abdominal quadrants, regions and planes
Anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Blood supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Esophagus and stomach
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Small intestine
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Large intestine
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Pancreas and spleen
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Innervation of the abdominal viscera
Anatomy of the abdominal viscera: Liver, biliary ducts and gallbladder
Anatomy of the diaphragm
Anatomy of the inguinal region
Anatomy of the muscles and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall
Anatomy of the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity
Anatomy of the vessels of the posterior abdominal wall
Abdomen Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior and posterior abdominal wall
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the gastrointestinal tract
Anatomy clinical correlates: Peritoneum and diaphragm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Other abdominal organs
Anatomy clinical correlates: Inguinal region
Pelvis and perineum Anatomy
Anatomy of the pelvic girdle
Anatomy of the pelvic cavity
Anatomy of the urinary organs of the pelvis
Anatomy of the gastrointestinal organs of the pelvis and perineum
Arteries and veins of the pelvis
Anatomy of the male reproductive organs of the pelvis
Nerves and lymphatics of the pelvis
Anatomy of the female urogenital triangle
Anatomy of the perineum
Anatomy of the male urogenital triangle
Anatomy of the female reproductive organs of the pelvis
Pelvis and perineum Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Male pelvis and perineum
Anatomy clinical correlates: Female pelvis and perineum
Back Anatomy
Bones of the vertebral column
Joints of the vertebral column
Vessels and nerves of the vertebral column
Muscles of the back
Anatomy of the suboccipital region
Anatomy of the vertebral canal
Anatomy of the descending spinal cord pathways
Anatomy of the ascending spinal cord pathways
Back Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vertebral canal
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, joints and muscles of the back
Anatomy clinical correlates: Spinal cord pathways
Lower limb Anatomy
Bones of the lower limb
Fascia, vessels, and nerves of the lower limb
Anatomy of the anterior and medial thigh
Muscles of the gluteal region and posterior thigh
Vessels and nerves of the gluteal region and posterior thigh
Anatomy of the popliteal fossa
Anatomy of the leg
Anatomy of the foot
Anatomy of the hip joint
Anatomy of the knee joint
Anatomy of the tibiofibular joints
Joints of the ankle and foot
Lower limb Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Hip, gluteal region and thigh
Anatomy clinical correlates: Knee
Anatomy clinical correlates: Leg and ankle
Anatomy clinical correlates: Foot
Upper limb Anatomy
Bones of the upper limb
Fascia, vessels and nerves of the upper limb
Anatomy of the brachial plexus
Anatomy of the pectoral and scapular regions
Anatomy of the arm
Muscles of the forearm
Vessels and nerves of the forearm
Muscles of the hand
Anatomy of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints
Anatomy of the glenohumeral joint
Anatomy of the elbow joint
Anatomy of the radioulnar joints
Joints of the wrist and hand
Anatomy of the axilla
Upper limb Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Clavicle and shoulder
Anatomy clinical correlates: Axilla
Anatomy clinical correlates: Arm, elbow and forearm
Anatomy clinical correlates: Wrist and hand
Anatomy clinical correlates: Median, ulnar and radial nerves
Neck Anatomy
Bones of the neck
Superficial structures of the neck: Posterior triangle
Superficial structures of the neck: Cervical plexus
Superficial structures of the neck: Anterior triangle
Deep structures of the neck: Prevertebral muscles
Anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Anatomy of the larynx and trachea
Anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus
Anatomy of the lymphatics of the neck
Deep structures of the neck: Root of the neck
Fascia and spaces of the neck
Neck Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Bones, fascia and muscles of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Vessels, nerves and lymphatics of the neck
Anatomy clinical correlates: Viscera of the neck
Head Anatomy
Bones of the cranium
Anatomy of the cranial base
Anatomy of the orbit
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Anatomy of the oral cavity
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication
Muscles of the face and scalp
Anatomy of the salivary glands
Nerves and vessels of the face and scalp
Anatomy of the tongue
Anatomy of the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) fossa
Anatomy of the inner ear
Anatomy of the infratemporal fossa
Head Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Skull, face and scalp
Anatomy clinical correlates: Eye
Anatomy clinical correlates: Ear
Anatomy clinical correlates: Temporal regions, oral cavity and nose
Brain Neuroanatomy
Anatomy of the cerebral cortex
Anatomy of the cerebellum
Anatomy of the cranial meninges and dural venous sinuses
Anatomy of the brainstem
Anatomy of the basal ganglia
Anatomy of the white matter tracts
Anatomy of the limbic system
Anatomy of the blood supply to the brain
Anatomy of the diencephalon
Anatomy of the ventricular system
Brain Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Anterior blood supply to the brain
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebellum and brainstem
Anatomy clinical correlates: Cerebral hemispheres
Cranial nerves Anatomy
Introduction to the cranial nerves
Cranial nerve pathways
Anatomy of the olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy of the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Anatomy of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Anatomy of the spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Anatomy of the vagus nerve (CN X)
Cranial nerves Anatomy clinical correlates
Anatomy clinical correlates: Olfactory (CN I) and optic (CN II) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Anatomy clinical correlates: Facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves
Anatomy clinical correlates: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (X), spinal accessory (CN XI) and hypoglossal (CN XII) nerves
Behavioral sciences Psychological Mood disorders
Major depressive disorder
Suicide
Bipolar disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Behavioral sciences Psychological Anxiety disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Phobias
Behavioral sciences Psychological Obsessive-compulsive disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Body focused repetitive disorders
Body dysmorphic disorder
Behavioral sciences Psychological Stress-related disorders and abuse
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Physical and sexual abuse
Behavioral sciences Psychological Psychotic disorders
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
Delusional disorder
Schizophrenia
Behavioral sciences Psychological Cognitive and dissociative disorders
Delirium
Amnesia
Dissociative disorders
Behavioral sciences Psychological Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Behavioral sciences Psychological Personality disorders
Cluster A personality disorders
Cluster B personality disorders
Cluster C personality disorders
Behavioral sciences Psychological Somatoform and factitious disorders
Somatic symptom disorder
Factitious disorder
Behavioral sciences Psychological Sleep disorders
Bruxism
Nocturnal enuresis
Insomnia
Night terrors
Narcolepsy (NORD)
Behavioral sciences Psychological Sexual dysfunction disorders
Erectile dysfunction
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Orgasmic dysfunction
Female sexual interest and arousal disorder
Genito-pelvic pain and penetration disorder
Behavioral sciences Psychological Pediatric disorders
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders
Learning disability
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Tourette syndrome
Autism spectrum disorder
Rett syndrome
Shaken baby syndrome
Enuresis
Encopresis
Behavioral sciences Psychological Psychiatric emergencies
Suicide
Serotonin syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Behavioral Sciences Psychological disorders review
Mood disorders: Pathology review
Amnesia, dissociative disorders and delirium: Pathology review
Personality disorders: Pathology review
Eating disorders: Pathology review
Psychological sleep disorders: Pathology review
Psychiatric emergencies: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Hallucinogens: Pathology review
Malingering, factitious disorders and somatoform disorders: Pathology review
Anxiety disorders, phobias and stress-related disorders: Pathology Review
Trauma- and stress-related disorders: Pathology review
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Stimulants: Pathology review
Drug misuse, intoxication and withdrawal: Alcohol: Pathology review
Developmental and learning disorders: Pathology review
Childhood and early-onset psychological disorders: Pathology review
Behavioral Sciences Pharmacology Antidepressants
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Atypical antidepressants
Behavioral Sciences Pharmacology Antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics
Behavioral Sciences Pharmacology Mood stabilizers
Lithium
Nonbenzodiazepine anticonvulsants
Atypical antipsychotics
Behavioral Sciences Pharmacology Anxiolytics and hypnotics
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
Behavioral Sciences Pharmacology Psychomotor stimulants
Psychomotor stimulants
Biochemistry and metabolism
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen metabolism
Pentose phosphate pathway
Physiological changes during exercise
Amino acid metabolism
Nitrogen and urea cycle
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid oxidation
Ketone body metabolism
Cholesterol metabolism
Biochemistry Metabolic disorders
Essential fructosuria
Hereditary fructose intolerance
Galactosemia
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Lactose intolerance
Glycogen storage disease type I
Glycogen storage disease type II (NORD)
Glycogen storage disease type III
Glycogen storage disease type IV
Glycogen storage disease type V
Leukodystrophy
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (NORD)
Krabbe disease
Gaucher disease (NORD)
Niemann-Pick disease types A and B (NORD)
Niemann-Pick disease type C
Fabry disease (NORD)
Tay-Sachs disease (NORD)
Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 1 (Hurler syndrome) (NORD)
Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 2 (Hunter syndrome) (NORD)
Cystinosis
Hartnup disease
Alkaptonuria
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Phenylketonuria (NORD)
Cystinuria (NORD)
Homocystinuria
Maple syrup urine disease
Abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperlipidemia
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: Pathology review
Disorders of fatty acid metabolism: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Glycogen storage disorders: Pathology review
Lysosomal storage disorders: Pathology review
Disorders of amino acid metabolism: Pathology review
Nutrition Carbohydrates, fat and protein
Carbohydrates and sugars
Fats and lipids
Proteins
Nutritional disorders
Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency
Excess Vitamin A
Excess Vitamin D
Folate (Vitamin B9) deficiency
Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Beriberi
Iodine deficiency
Zinc deficiency
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: Pathology review
Zinc deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition: Pathology review
Water-soluble vitamin deficiency and toxicity: B1-B7: Pathology review
Introduction to biostatistics
Introduction to biostatistics
Types of data
Probability
Biostatistics Statistical probability distributions
Mean, median, and mode
Range, variance, and standard deviation
Standard error of the mean (Central limit theorem)
Normal distribution and z-scores
Biostatistics Parametric tests
Paired t-test
Two-sample t-test
Hypothesis testing: One-tailed and two-tailed tests
One-way ANOVA
Two-way ANOVA
Repeated measures ANOVA
Correlation
Methods of regression analysis
Linear regression
Logistic regression
Biostatistics Non-parametric tests
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Mann-Whitney U test
Kappa coefficient
Chi-squared test
Fisher's exact test
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis
Biostatistics Outcomes of statistical hypothesis testing
Type I and type II errors
Epidemiology Evaluation of diagnostic tests
Sensitivity and specificity
Positive and negative predictive value
Test precision and accuracy
Epidemiological measurements
Incidence and prevalence
Relative and absolute risk
Odds ratio
Attributable risk (AR)
Mortality rates and case-fatality
DALY and QALY
Direct standardization
Indirect standardization
Epidemiology Study design
Study designs
Ecologic study
Cross sectional study
Case-control study
Cohort study
Randomized control trial
Clinical trials
Sample size
Placebo effect and masking
Epidemiology Causation, validity and bias
Disease causality
Selection bias
Information bias
Confounding
Interaction
Bias in interpreting results of clinical studies
Bias in performing clinical studies
Epidemiology Public health
Modes of infectious disease transmission
Outbreak investigations
Disease surveillance
Vaccination and herd immunity
Prevention
Cellular biology
Cellular structure and function
Cell membrane
Selective permeability of the cell membrane
Extracellular matrix
Cell-cell junctions
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Osmosis
Resting membrane potential
Nernst equation
Cytoskeleton and intracellular motility
Cell signaling pathways
Disorders of cellular biology
Leukodystrophy
Adrenoleukodystrophy (NORD)
Zellweger spectrum disorders (NORD)
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Alport syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Marfan syndrome
Vitamin C deficiency
Peroxisomal disorders: Pathology review
Molecular biology
Nuclear structure
DNA structure
Transcription of DNA
Translation of mRNA
Gene regulation
Epigenetics
Amino acids and protein folding
Protein structure and synthesis
Nucleotide metabolism
DNA replication
Lac operon
DNA damage and repair
Cell cycle
Mitosis and meiosis
DNA mutations
Disorders of molecular biology
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Orotic aciduria
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Fanconi anemia
McCune-Albright syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism disorders: Pathology review
Cellular And Molecular Biology Laboratory techniques
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
Gel electrophoresis and genetic testing
ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Karyotyping
DNA cloning
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Embryology Early development Weeks 1-4
Human development days 1-4
Human development days 4-7
Human development week 2
Human development week 3
Embryology Early development Germ layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Embryology Early development Early structures
Development of the placenta
Development of the fetal membranes
Development of twins
Hedgehog signaling pathway
Development of the digestive system and body cavities
Development of the umbilical cord
Embryology Organ system development Cardiovascular system
Development of the cardiovascular system
Fetal circulation
Embryology Organ system development Eyes, ears, nose and throat
Development of the face and palate
Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts
Development of the ear
Development of the eye
Embryology Organ system development Gastrointestinal system
Development of the digestive system and body cavities
Development of the gastrointestinal system
Development of the teeth
Development of the tongue
Embryology Organ system development Integumentary system
Development of the integumentary system
Embryology Organ system development Musculoskeletal system
Development of the axial skeleton
Development of the limbs
Development of the muscular system
Embryology Organ system development Nervous system
Development of the nervous system
Embryology Organ system development Renal system
Development of the renal system
Embryology Organ system development Reproductive system
Development of the reproductive system
Embryology Organ system development Respiratory system
Development of the respiratory system
Molecular biology
Nuclear structure
DNA structure
Transcription of DNA
Translation of mRNA
Gene regulation
Epigenetics
Amino acids and protein folding
Protein structure and synthesis
Nucleotide metabolism
DNA replication
Lac operon
DNA damage and repair
Cell cycle
Mitosis and meiosis
DNA mutations
Disorders of molecular biology
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Orotic aciduria
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Fanconi anemia
McCune-Albright syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism disorders: Pathology review
Genetics Laboratory techniques
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
Gel electrophoresis and genetic testing
ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Karyotyping
DNA cloning
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Population genetics
Mendelian genetics and punnett squares
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Inheritance patterns
Independent assortment of genes and linkage
Evolution and natural selection
Genetic disorders
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13)
Fragile X syndrome
Huntington disease
Myotonic dystrophy
Friedreich ataxia
Turner syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Angelman syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Williams syndrome
Alagille syndrome (NORD)
Achondroplasia
Polycystic kidney disease
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Huntington disease
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Myotonic dystrophy
Neurofibromatosis
Treacher Collins syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
von Hippel-Lindau disease
Albinism
Polycystic kidney disease
Cystic fibrosis
Friedreich ataxia
Gaucher disease (NORD)
Glycogen storage disease type I
Glycogen storage disease type II (NORD)
Glycogen storage disease type III
Glycogen storage disease type IV
Glycogen storage disease type V
Hemochromatosis
Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 1 (Hurler syndrome) (NORD)
Krabbe disease
Leukodystrophy
Niemann-Pick disease types A and B (NORD)
Niemann-Pick disease type C
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Phenylketonuria (NORD)
Sickle cell disease (NORD)
Tay-Sachs disease (NORD)
Alpha-thalassemia
Beta-thalassemia
Wilson disease
Fragile X syndrome
Alport syndrome
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Fabry disease (NORD)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Hemophilia
Mucopolysaccharide storage disease type 2 (Hunter syndrome) (NORD)
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Muscular dystrophy
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Mitochondrial myopathy
Autosomal trisomies: Pathology review
Muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial myopathies: Pathology review
Miscellaneous genetic disorders: Pathology review
Introduction to histology
Light microscopy and staining methods
Organ system histology Cardiovascular system
Cardiac muscle histology
Artery and vein histology
Arteriole, venule and capillary histology
Organ system histology Endocrine system
Pituitary gland histology
Pancreas histology
Thyroid and parathyroid gland histology
Adrenal gland histology
Organ system histology Eyes, ears, nose and throat
Eye and ear histology
Nasal cavity and larynx histology
Thyroid and parathyroid gland histology
Organ system histology Gastrointestinal system
Gallbladder histology
Esophagus histology
Stomach histology
Small intestine histology
Colon histology
Liver histology
Pancreas histology
Organ system histology Hematological system
Blood histology
Organ system histology Immune system
Thymus histology
Spleen histology
Lymph node histology
Organ system histology Integumentary system
Skin histology
Organ system histology Musculoskeletal system
Bone histology
Cartilage histology
Skeletal muscle histology
Organ system histology Nervous system
Central nervous system histology
Peripheral nervous system histology
Organ system histology Renal system
Ureter, bladder and urethra histology
Kidney histology
Organ system histology Reproductive system
Prostate gland histology
Penis histology
Testis, ductus deferens, and seminal vesicle histology
Mammary gland histology
Ovary histology
Fallopian tube and uterus histology
Cervix and vagina histology
Organ system histology Respiratory system
Nasal cavity and larynx histology
Trachea and bronchi histology
Bronchioles and alveoli histology
Microbiology Introduction to bacteria
Bacterial structure and functions
Microbiology Gram positive bacteria
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus viridans
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep)
Enterococcus
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum (Botulism)
Clostridium difficile (Pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium tetani (Tetanus)
Bacillus cereus (Food poisoning)
Listeria monocytogenes
Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Nocardia
Actinomyces israelii
Microbiology Gram negative bacteria
Escherichia coli
Salmonella (non-typhoidal)
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Shigella
Proteus mirabilis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever)
Serratia marcescens
Bacteroides fragilis
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)
Helicobacter pylori
Campylobacter jejuni
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis/Whooping cough)
Brucella
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid)
Pasteurella multocida
Microbiology Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium avium complex (NORD)
Microbiology Other bacteria
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Borrelia species (Relapsing fever)
Leptospira
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) and other Rickettsia species
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Gardnerella vaginalis (Bacterial vaginosis)
Microbiology Virology Introduction to viruses
Viral structure and functions
Microbiology Virology DNA viruses
Varicella zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr virus (Infectious mononucleosis)
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Herpes simplex virus
Human herpesvirus 6 (Roseola)
Adenovirus
Parvovirus B19
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D virus
Human papillomavirus
Poxvirus (Smallpox and Molluscum contagiosum)
BK virus (Hemorrhagic cystitis)
JC virus (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
Microbiology Virology RNA viruses
Poliovirus
Coxsackievirus
Rhinovirus
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D virus
Influenza virus
Mumps virus
Measles virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Human parainfluenza viruses
Dengue virus
Yellow fever virus
Zika virus
Hepatitis C virus
West Nile virus
Norovirus
Rotavirus
Coronaviruses
HIV (AIDS)
Human T-lymphotropic virus
Ebola virus
Rabies virus
Rubella virus
Eastern and Western equine encephalitis virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Hantavirus
Microbiology Virology Prions and virioids
Prions (Spongiform encephalopathy)
Microbiology Mycology Systemic fungal infections
Coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Microbiology Mycology Opportunistic fungal infections
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystis pneumonia)
Candida
Mucormycosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
Sporothrix schenckii
Cryptococcus neoformans
Microbiology Mycology Cutaneous fungal infections
Malassezia (Tinea versicolor and Seborrhoeic dermatitis)
Microbiology Parasitology Protozoa
Plasmodium species (Malaria)
Babesia
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)
Cryptosporidium
Acanthamoeba
Naegleria fowleri (Primary amebic meningoencephalitis)
Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Leishmania
Microbiology Parasitology Worms
Loa loa (Eye worm)
Toxocara canis (Visceral larva migrans)
Onchocerca volvulus (River blindness)
Ascaris lumbricoides
Anisakis
Angiostrongylus (Eosinophilic meningitis)
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis
Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis)
Wuchereria bancrofti (Lymphatic filariasis)
Trichinella spiralis
Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid disease)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Paragonimus westermani
Clonorchis sinensis
Schistosomes
Microbiology Parasitology Ectoparasites
Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (Lice)
Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies)
Microbiology Pharmacology Antibiotics
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Antituberculosis medications
Miscellaneous cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors: Tetracyclines
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillins
Miscellaneous protein synthesis inhibitors
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Cephalosporins
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Metronidazole
DNA synthesis inhibitors: Fluoroquinolones
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Microbiology Pharmacology Antivirals
Integrase and entry inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Protease inhibitors
Hepatitis medications
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Herpesvirus medications
Microbiology Pharmacology Antifungals
Azoles
Echinocandins
Miscellaneous antifungal medications
Microbiology Pharmacology Antiparasitics
Anthelmintic medications
Antimalarials
Anti-mite and louse medications
Introduction to pathology Cellular injury
Free radicals and cellular injury
Necrosis and apoptosis
Ischemia
Hypoxia
Amyloidosis
Introduction to pathology Inflammation
Inflammation
Wound healing
Introduction to pathology Neoplasia
Atrophy, aplasia, and hypoplasia
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia and dysplasia
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Pathology Cardiovascular system Vascular disorders
Arterial disease
Angina pectoris
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Myocardial infarction
Prinzmetal angina
Coronary steal syndrome
Peripheral artery disease
Subclavian steal syndrome
Aneurysms
Aortic dissection
Vasculitis
Behcet's disease
Kawasaki disease
Hypertension
Hypertensive emergency
Renal artery stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Abetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperlipidemia
Chronic venous insufficiency
Thrombophlebitis
Deep vein thrombosis
Lymphedema
Lymphangioma
Shock
Vascular tumors
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Angiosarcomas
Pathology Cardiovascular system Congenital heart defects
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great vessels
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Tetralogy of Fallot
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
Atrial septal defect
Pathology Cardiovascular system Cardiac arrhythmias
Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Premature atrial contraction
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Ventricular tachycardia
Brugada syndrome
Premature ventricular contraction
Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes
Ventricular fibrillation
Atrioventricular block
Bundle branch block
Pulseless electrical activity
Pathology Cardiovascular system Valvular disorders
Tricuspid valve disease
Pulmonary valve disease
Mitral valve disease
Aortic valve disease
Pathology Cardiovascular system Cardiomyopathies
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Pathology Cardiovascular system Heart failure
Heart failure
Cor pulmonale
Pathology Cardiovascular system Cardiac infections
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Pathology Cardiovascular system Pericardial disorders
Pericarditis and pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
Dressler syndrome
Pathology Cardiovascular system Cardiac tumors
Cardiac tumors
Cardiovascular system pathology review
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
Pathology Endocrine system Adrenal gland disorders
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Pathology Endocrine system Thyroid gland disorders
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
Thyroid eye disease (NORD)
Toxic multinodular goiter
Thyroid storm
Hypothyroidism
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
Riedel thyroiditis
Postpartum thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
Pathology Endocrine system Parathyroid gland disorders
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Pathology Endocrine system Pancreatic disorders
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Pathology Endocrine system Pituitary gland disorders
Hyperpituitarism
Pituitary adenoma
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactinoma
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Hypopituitarism
Growth hormone deficiency
Pituitary apoplexy
Sheehan syndrome
Hypoprolactinemia
Constitutional growth delay
Diabetes insipidus
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Pathology Endocrine system Gonadal dysfunction
Precocious puberty
Delayed puberty
Premature ovarian failure
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Pathology Endocrine system Polyglandular syndromes
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (NORD)
Pathology Endocrine system Endocrine tumors
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Carcinoid syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (NORD)
Endocrine system pathology review
Adrenal insufficiency: Pathology review
Adrenal masses: Pathology review
Hyperthyroidism: Pathology review
Hypothyroidism: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Diabetes mellitus: Pathology review
Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease: Pathology review
Pituitary tumors: Pathology review
Hypopituitarism: Pathology review
Diabetes insipidus and SIADH: Pathology review
Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Pathology review
Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal system: Pathology review
Pathology Eye disorders
Color blindness
Cortical blindness
Hemianopsia
Homonymous hemianopsia
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Retinal detachment
Age-related macular degeneration
Diabetic retinopathy
Corneal ulcer
Retinoblastoma
Retinopathy of prematurity
Periorbital cellulitis
Uveitis
Keratitis
Orbital cellulitis
Hordeolum (stye)
Conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pathology Ear disorders
Conductive hearing loss
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Tympanic membrane perforation
Otitis externa
Otitis media
Pathology Vestibular disorders
Vertigo
Meniere disease
Labyrinthitis
Acoustic neuroma (schwannoma)
Pathology Nasal and nasopharyngeal disorders
Choanal atresia
Allergic rhinitis
Nasal polyps
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Pathology Oral cavity and oropharyngeal disorders
Sialadenitis
Parotitis
Ludwig angina
Aphthous ulcers
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Oral cancer
Warthin tumor
Sleep apnea
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Zenker diverticulum
Retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses
Esophageal cancer
Pathology Laryngeal disorders
Laryngomalacia
Laryngitis
Bacterial epiglottitis
Pathology Thyroid and parathyroid gland disorders
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Thyroid cancer
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Eyes, ears, nose and throat pathology review
Eye conditions: Refractive errors, lens disorders and glaucoma: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Retinal disorders: Pathology review
Eye conditions: Inflammation, infections and trauma: Pathology review
Vertigo: Pathology review
Nasal, oral and pharyngeal diseases: Pathology review
Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer: Pathology review
Parathyroid disorders and calcium imbalance: Pathology review
Pathology Gastrointestinal system Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity disorders
Peritonitis
Pneumoperitoneum
Pathology Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders
Cleft lip and palate
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Esophageal web
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pyloric stenosis
Sialadenitis
Parotitis
Oral candidiasis
Ludwig angina
Aphthous ulcers
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Dental abscess
Gingivitis and periodontitis
Dental caries disease
Oral cancer
Warthin tumor
Barrett esophagus
Achalasia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Boerhaave syndrome
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Zenker diverticulum
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Esophageal cancer
Eosinophilic esophagitis (NORD)
Gastritis
Gastric dumping syndrome
Peptic ulcer
Gastroparesis
Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Gastroenteritis
Gastric cancer
Pathology Lower gastrointestinal tract disorders
Gastroschisis
Imperforate anus
Omphalocele
Meckel diverticulum
Intestinal atresia
Hirschsprung disease
Intestinal malrotation
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Intussusception
Tropical sprue
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Celiac disease
Short bowel syndrome (NORD)
Lactose intolerance
Whipple's disease
Protein losing enteropathy
Microscopic colitis
Crohn disease
Ulcerative colitis
Bowel obstruction
Intestinal adhesions
Volvulus
Gallstone ileus
Abdominal hernias
Femoral hernia
Inguinal hernia
Small bowel ischemia and infarction
Ischemic colitis
